glaucoma

WHAT IS GLAUCOMA?

Glaucoma is a condition that causes damage to the optic nerve, often due to high pressure inside the eye, and can lead to permanent vision loss if left untreated. Over time, damage the optic nerve occurs, which is responsible for transmitting visual information from the eye to the brain. There are several types of glaucoma, including primary open-angle glaucoma, normo-tensive glaucoma, angle-closure glaucoma, and congenital glaucoma.

WHAT CAUSES GLAUCOMA?

The exact cause of glaucoma is not known, but it is often associated with increased pressure in the eye. The pressure can increase due to many factors, including age, family history, ethnicity, and other underlying medical conditions such as high blood pressure or diabetes. Some medications, such as steroids, can also increase the risk of developing glaucoma.

WHAT ARE THE SYMPTOMS OF GLAUCOMA?

In the early stages of glaucoma, there may be no noticeable symptoms, which is why it is often referred to as ‘the thief of sight’. As the disease progresses, the following symptoms may occur:

1. Loss of peripheral vision
2. Tunnel vision
3. Blurred vision
4. Haloes around lights
5. Eye pain or headache
6. Nausea (in severe causes)

HOW IS GLAUCOMA DIAGNOSED?

To diagnose glaucoma, an Optometrist and Ophthalmologist will conduct a comprehensive eye exam, including measuring the eye pressure, examining the optic nerve and eye health, and testing vision levels. They may also perform additional tests, such as a visual field test or optical coherence tomography (OCT scan).

HOW IS GLAUCOMA TREATED?

The treatment for glaucoma depends on the type and severity of the disease, and is commonly co-managed between Optometrists and Ophthalmologists. The goal of treatment is to lower the eye pressure and prevent further damage to the optic nerve. Treatment options may include:

1. Eye drops: there are many glaucoma-specific eye drops available to lower the eye pressure.
2. Laser therapy: these procedures can be used to open up the drainage angle in the eye and improve fluid outflow (hence reducing eye pressures)
3. Surgery: In advanced cases, surgical procedures may be necessary to lower the eye pressure. 

If you experience any of the above symptoms or have a family history of glaucoma, it is important to have regular eye exams with your Optometrist. Early diagnosis and treatment can prevent further damage to the optic nerve and vision. Come in and chat to our friendly team about a glaucoma screening or to assist with your existing management plan.